SPFAU22

UE Imaging and systems in optics

Unité d'enseignement (UE) de 3 crédits

^En UE enseignée en Anglais

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The students from different backgrounds refresh and elaborate their knowledge of the principles of optical imaging. The course starts with a reminder of the Huygens-Fresnel principle and of the Fresnel and Fraunhofer theories of diffraction. Then, a more general and rigorous approach, based on the resolution of Maxwell’s equations, is adopted. The principles of image formation are studied using this approach. In particular, the link between the object defined by its permittivity distribution and the data collected for a given illumination (coherent or non coherent) is studied. The role of optical lenses, mirrors and the limitations of the performances of optical imaging systems (telescopes, far-field microscopes, near-field microscopes) in terms of resolution, accuracy are discussed.

Applications in astronomy, biology, nanotechnology… and solutions implemented for increasing the performances are studied. Recent advances in optical imaging are presented throughout this course.

I – Introduction
I.1 – Image-vision
I.2 – Brief description of the main imaging systems : microscopes, telescopes

II – Interaction between electromagnetic waves and heterogeneous objects
     II.1 – Maxwell’s equations
     II.2 – Calculation of the scattered field with volume integral method
     II.3 – Total field inside the object
     II.4 – Numerical calculation
     II.5 – Fourier transform of the Green function
     II.6 – Green function in far-field

III – Optical imaging
III.1 – Accessible data, Optical Transfer Function
III.2 – Optical microscopes: field propagation, role of lenses, measured signal, cases of spatially coherent and incoherent illumination

UE Imaging and systems in optics

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