This course will provide students with the concepts and methods to understand from which originate the peculiarities of low dimensional systems, and how systems of low dimensionality, by generating quantum phenomena, can be useful for the components used in the fields of nanoelectronics. A special effort will be made to introduce 2D materials.
The course is divided into the following three parts:
* For 2D materials, the tight-binding model for the determination of the Dirac cone in the band structure is presented. The state of the art of materials based on group IV elements or corresponding to transition-metal dichalcogenides sheet is presented.
* The first concepts of quantum optics, in the context of semiconductor nanostructures based on semiconductors, are introduced with a special focus on 2D band gap materials. After a first theoretical part, experimental tools for measuremenst are presented.
* The effects of dimensional reduction and coupling of different nano-objects are studied and used to design electronic components with characteristics that only quantum effects can generate.